Five Freedoms
The concept of the "five freedoms" was first introduced in 1965 by the UK government's Brambell Report[1] on the welfare of farm animals. These freedoms outline the basic needs that all animals, whether domesticated or in the wild, should have in order to live a healthy and fulfilling life. These five freedoms have since been adopted by animal welfare organizations around the world as a framework for assessing and improving animal welfare.
The Five Freedoms are:
- Freedom from Hunger and Thirst: Animals should have access to fresh water and a diet that meets their nutritional needs. They should not be kept hungry or thirsty for extended periods of time.
- Freedom from Discomfort: Animals should be provided with an environment that is comfortable and safe. They should not be subjected to extreme temperatures, inappropriate lighting, or overcrowding.
- Freedom from Pain, Injury, or Disease: Animals should be given medical care when they are sick or injured. They should not be left to suffer from preventable health conditions.
- Freedom to Express Normal Behavior: Animals should be able to engage in their natural behaviors, such as socializing, foraging, and exploring their environment. They should not be prevented from behaving in ways that are natural to them.
- Freedom from Fear and Distress: Animals should be kept in an environment that does not cause them to experience unnecessary fear or distress. They should be handled and cared for in a way that minimizes stress and anxiety.
These five freedoms are based on the understanding that animals are sentient beings with their own needs and desires.